{"id":"W4408274515","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02882-y","title":"Effects of heat load on beef cattle activity budgets in a northern temperate grazing system","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Biometeorology","topic":"Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry; Thompson Rivers University; Alberta Crop Industry Development Fund; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Alberta","funders":"Alberta Innovates; Alberta Beef Producers","keywords":"Grazing; Temperate climate; Beef cattle; Heat load; Environmental science; Animal science; Cattle grazing; Ecology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002566411,0.0001702678,0.0003527391,0.0003459083,0.0007304765,0.0006944921,0.0002259356,0.0002877182,0.001386988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005146364,0.0001980661,0.0001800515,0.0003026847,0.0006912848,0.000271546,0.0005580619,0.0002164505,0.0001310067],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009938485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005297874,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03701529,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09464446,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998736,0.00004027394,0.000005177403,0.00002298229,0.00001088754,0.0000470701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995832,0.00006794224,0.00006804548,0.00001947397,0.00003988637,0.0002213959],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004724082,0.0003904284,0.9319991,0.0000608325,0.0002519608,0.0003643968,0.002130498,0.001831912,0.05216942,0.0001381128,0.0002565936,0.005682639],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003726984,0.00007027297,0.9990909,0.000001243499,0.000007562732,0.00001648812,0.0003028596,0.0003352137,0.0001161829,0.00001140749,0.00004266614,0.000001553806],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998654,0.00001150633,0.00001647668,0.000006300832,7.141837e-7,7.454115e-7,0.00002642132,6.718407e-7,0.00007179863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997727,0.00001487295,0.00002209658,0.000007891857,0.000001892989,0.000003551495,0.00006065853,9.348322e-7,0.00011534],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03701529,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0735997,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005403650047394959,"score_gpt":0.2318967084967501,"score_spread":0.2264930584493551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}