{"id":"W4408293601","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2417155122","title":"Negative trend in total solar irradiance over the satellite era","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Impact","funders":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Solar irradiance; Satellite; Environmental science; Irradiance; Radiometer; Solar cycle; Proxy (statistics); Atmospheric sciences; Climatology; Linear regression; Meteorology; Remote sensing; Statistics; Geography; Mathematics; Physics; Geology; Solar wind","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000468822,0.00006485187,0.00009449075,0.00009007142,0.0001405176,0.00003057224,0.0004260097,0.0000287588,0.00001277231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006021548,0.00003789414,0.00006018888,0.0007782536,0.0004206552,0.0002566938,0.00007275107,0.0001923735,6.318401e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001841148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003031343,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002845653,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001080829,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992301,0.000005143092,0.0001661819,0.0001350687,0.0003502706,0.0001132627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996222,0.0001587252,0.0001484046,0.000006277998,0.00005245771,0.0000119087],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001486019,0.0000636232,0.2981742,0.00001978771,0.00003612888,2.264288e-9,0.001061018,0.0006198218,0.01360422,0.6819962,0.0006555186,0.003754609],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002086523,0.000009712831,0.7706403,0.00007505833,0.000008290182,3.25516e-7,0.000901136,0.009382683,0.0220159,0.1964235,0.000267607,0.00006683463],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.970293,0.00005604965,0.000002461743,0.003428392,0.00002100195,0.0001032183,0.00002042047,0.000002659707,0.02607279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990954,0.000005731605,0.0003498773,0.0001229237,0.0000342515,0.000006836635,1.152428e-7,0.000001487011,0.0003833177],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4855727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1549922,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01432137865329351,"score_gpt":0.2813215250535239,"score_spread":0.2670001464002303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}