{"id":"W4408301155","doi":"10.1111/liv.70058","title":"Global Burden of Major Chronic Liver Diseases in 2021","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Liver International","topic":"Hepatitis C virus research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Victoria Hospital; University of Alberta; McGill University Health Centre; Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre","funders":"Key Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province; University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital; Xi'an Medical University; Yakult Bio-Science Foundation; National Health and Medical Research Council; Army Medical University; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Education Department of Shaanxi Province; Minia University; University of Sri Jayewardenepura; NYU Grossman School of Medicine; Southwest Hospital; Universität des Saarlandes; Chinese People’s Liberation Army; Zhejiang University; Università degli Studi di Milano; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Universiti Malaya; Changi General Hospital; Sultan Qaboos University; University of Hong Kong; College of Medicine, King Saud University; Medical Research Council; King Saud University; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Wenzhou Medical University; University of Southampton; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Yonsei University College of Medicine; McGill University; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; American University of Beirut; McGill University Health Centre; Università degli Studi di Verona; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; York University; Yonsei University; Chinese University of Hong Kong; University of Alberta; Chulalongkorn University; Cancer Institute NSW","keywords":"Medicine; Cirrhosis; Chronic liver disease; Liver disease; Incidence (geometry); Population; Hepatitis C; Internal medicine; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis; Viral hepatitis; Gastroenterology; Environmental health","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006064243,0.00006649855,0.0001344709,0.0001733423,0.00001172837,0.00001152531,0.000181208,0.00004554379,0.004696925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001851459,0.00006487446,0.00006451614,0.0002322357,0.00007393408,0.00007229994,0.0001402506,0.00008927627,0.0001474119],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005236022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003540254,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002280736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005603824,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990957,0.00003024815,0.0001852302,0.000165903,0.0003866144,0.0001362917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995681,0.00005432249,0.00002766367,0.0001406652,0.0001558191,0.00005343799],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003048329,0.0003360586,0.8530348,0.0001856293,0.0002988142,0.000485462,0.0001316355,0.00007379633,0.0006153591,0.01365888,0.01394134,0.1169334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002355901,0.0001019424,0.9330302,0.0004728759,0.00004315583,0.000006637979,0.00003789438,0.01412214,0.0005759049,0.0004813815,0.04868279,0.00008919038],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8328455,0.004398169,0.0005793764,0.003518961,0.0006562701,0.0005293307,0.0004301755,0.00002799749,0.1570142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931017,0.0004294176,0.0001758729,0.000111006,0.0002193227,0.000018094,0.00005693567,0.000004200803,0.005883441],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1602562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9962129,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01513467665273692,"score_gpt":0.3408546974258482,"score_spread":0.3257200207731112,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}