{"id":"W4408342802","doi":"10.1029/2025gl114621","title":"Conditions for the Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability in the Polar Ionosphere","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geophysical Research Letters","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Ionosphere; Polar; Instability; Geophysics; Physics; Geology; Geodesy; Astronomy; Mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002284953,0.0002424787,0.0002122368,0.0004301887,0.0006890118,0.0007747267,0.0002183095,0.0004160598,0.002037682],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001722996,0.0001903184,0.0003495767,0.0001644128,0.0006374873,0.0004427459,0.0003684163,0.0003881351,0.0001931583],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007913954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008294308,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01088399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003292778,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999152,0.00001520474,0.000004251392,0.000009864912,0.00001547834,0.0000399407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996437,0.0001497477,0.00007813369,0.00001801079,0.00005591066,0.00005444253],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003866681,0.0001595204,0.03123854,0.0000754719,0.00005282181,0.0006037283,0.0002884092,0.9048998,0.04308914,0.01391842,0.001229649,0.004057775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001000259,0.0001122536,0.01284917,0.0000168763,0.00001174524,0.00006695201,0.0002151565,0.976695,0.006625232,0.002861875,0.0004191722,0.00002657813],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907526,0.00009188101,0.004420935,0.0001408336,0.00001799649,0.00003016879,0.0001328522,0.00008015113,0.004332747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992607,0.00002029579,0.0004004062,0.00001240297,0.000003116731,0.00001312353,0.00004231603,0.000009943831,0.0002376876],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01088399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02164125,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01952503349194508,"score_gpt":0.3256021742408229,"score_spread":0.3060771407488778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}