{"id":"W4408407302","doi":"10.1029/2024ja033303","title":"Are Supersubstorms Substorms? Extreme Nightside Auroral Electrojet Activities During the May 2024 Geomagnetic Storm","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Johns Hopkins University; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; University of Calgary; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Electrojet; Geomagnetic storm; Substorm; Earth's magnetic field; Storm; Ionosphere; Geophysics; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Physics; Environmental science; Magnetosphere; Magnetic field","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002876014,0.0001683968,0.0002569587,0.0004738164,0.0005593198,0.0007489042,0.0001658794,0.0003560026,0.0009899376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005576991,0.0001132195,0.0001611707,0.0003869503,0.0003739058,0.0003267521,0.0005649824,0.0002825352,0.0001820291],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004079103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002043173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006881519,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01429542,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998323,0.00001883875,0.00001550135,0.00002863065,0.0000441879,0.00006056358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994733,0.00005595223,0.0002296532,0.00003906166,0.00007873939,0.000123438],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005598248,0.00007303828,0.9658366,0.00003697558,0.00008999169,0.004984561,0.001932768,0.0003560622,0.01234561,0.0002800749,0.001832005,0.01167243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007256935,0.00005187379,0.9960705,0.000007027327,0.00001206338,0.0005766982,0.001038554,0.0003483849,0.0004651932,0.00008725576,0.001328861,0.000006402764],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983998,0.0001075263,0.0001205729,0.00009526069,0.00001592001,0.000009987838,0.0001622499,0.00001592825,0.001072739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999467,0.00004657612,0.00004598321,0.00003386029,0.00003479867,0.000003261738,0.0002352945,0.000002315757,0.0001309276],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006881519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0136829,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02298530670606893,"score_gpt":0.2982127588816978,"score_spread":0.2752274521756289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}