{"id":"W4408430976","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125649","title":"Comprehensive spatial LCA framework for urban scale net zero energy buildings in Canada using GIS and BIM","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Sustainable Building Design and Assessment","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Zero emission; Zero-energy building; Scale (ratio); Civil engineering; Building information modeling; Geographic information system; Environmental science; Engineering; Architectural engineering; Efficient energy use; Geography; Cartography; Waste management; Operations management","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003676021,0.0002175739,0.0002880738,0.0001539876,0.00008196228,0.00004392647,0.000129441,0.0001127408,0.000007190238],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005435732,0.0002483593,0.00002799944,0.00029908,0.00002671437,0.00003493264,0.00006048699,0.0001077445,7.475409e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000736722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003444899,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6001989,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1632694,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989434,0.00001113112,0.0002330849,0.000275533,0.0001148698,0.0004220216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999491,0.0001868642,0.00003157375,0.0001813079,0.00003098928,0.00007821533],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006792486,0.00002656133,0.0007189747,0.0002431429,0.0001310765,0.00001904509,0.00009994597,0.4070681,0.01258067,0.5194229,0.007026413,0.05259525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002120557,0.00005119624,0.001084918,0.0002869596,0.0000885022,0.000004919307,0.001058608,0.4731183,0.06320862,0.09922875,0.3585765,0.001172213],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1595589,0.0006475561,0.8382847,0.00004489318,0.0003727849,0.0001198266,0.000008924807,0.00008236126,0.0008800552],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9830428,0.00007031165,0.01612299,0.0004675906,0.00008918131,0.00009657864,0.00001422658,0.00003920374,0.00005711236],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8234839,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999968,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006904224500010409,"score_gpt":0.2121446969347166,"score_spread":0.2052404724347062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}