{"id":"W4408454111","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00762-6","title":"Associations between residential fossil fuel combustion and indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and aldehydes in Canadian homes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology","topic":"Energy and Environment Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor; Health Canada","funders":"Health Canada; Dalhousie University; University of Alberta","keywords":"Stove; Environmental science; Indoor air quality; Nitrogen dioxide; Carbon dioxide; Combustion; Pollutant; Fossil fuel; Liquefied petroleum gas; Greenhouse gas; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Meteorology; Chemistry; Geography; Ecology; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004319448,0.0005914724,0.0004467683,0.0016557,0.001419834,0.0008667338,0.0008663078,0.0002714945,0.001633859],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001098602,0.0004134316,0.0008772839,0.003308972,0.0004858905,0.0002195679,0.0005327,0.0002857459,0.0000901003],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01548314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.011557,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9914665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9949588,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993566,0.00004282907,0.00003487735,0.0001453399,0.0002401599,0.0001801614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989065,0.00007319502,0.0002266788,0.00003693815,0.0006041874,0.000152456],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007002348,0.00001452128,0.9960264,0.00004323284,0.0001505474,0.00005300895,0.0001897648,0.0002651577,0.0004704067,0.0000436199,0.0003097697,0.00236368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002265665,0.00001096806,0.9989578,0.000009566703,0.00005583618,0.00002236725,0.000219587,0.000296521,0.00009276572,0.00001287555,0.0003120907,0.000007317837],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946337,0.000896753,0.0002426571,0.00008702327,0.00001003222,0.0000195279,0.002971224,0.0000170225,0.001122133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971421,0.0004278821,0.000410795,0.00002593605,0.000004653543,0.0000108915,0.001141846,0.000004212333,0.0008316517],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01548314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1123386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0138193328187846,"score_gpt":0.2635478856822491,"score_spread":0.2497285528634645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}