{"id":"W4408464210","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-85709-6_1","title":"Introduction","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"SpringerBriefs in criminology","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Amgen (Canada); University of Regina; London Health Sciences Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004097037,0.0001719662,0.000287253,0.0003928546,0.0002407079,0.00003803917,0.0002824315,0.0006544051,0.004476175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002493956,0.0002083788,0.00008771969,0.00004294845,0.0004344701,0.0001075475,0.00009976188,0.0007155061,0.0004651942],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000309302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003372629,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02053986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04049538,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987252,0.00007520444,0.0002804105,0.0003988515,0.000162683,0.000357611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992051,0.0001834568,0.000139665,0.0003497215,0.00006550632,0.00005656456],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000894582,0.00001129547,0.00005695927,0.00002172911,0.00001779229,0.000005797216,0.003937395,0.000003456693,0.000007179047,0.9339665,0.03031258,0.03165038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007226465,0.00001732518,0.0004346053,0.00004786096,0.00004328857,0.000002182807,0.0001501213,0.000001207181,0.000002753043,0.03406096,0.9649973,0.0001701315],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004526541,0.0002058298,0.00003138221,0.01594806,0.002448325,0.0001748355,0.000007094018,0.0001014975,0.9806303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003921199,0.00306542,0.0002461632,0.0006704247,0.003235505,0.00001190178,0.0000127961,0.00001961531,0.988817],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9346847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9964339,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1133622108811481,"score_gpt":0.3694161518359827,"score_spread":0.2560539409548346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}