{"id":"W4408465682","doi":"10.5539/hes.v15n2p112","title":"The Outcomes of Analytical Thinking and Curiosity from the Virtual Smart Classroom using the Cooperative Problem-Based Learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Studies","topic":"Education and Learning Interventions","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Curiosity; Mathematics education; Psychology; Teaching method; Critical thinking; Educational technology; Computer science; Pedagogy; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005851106,0.0001015698,0.0001419226,0.00004005777,0.001534671,0.0002298726,0.0004126232,0.00002530328,0.00001204927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002137906,0.00004855372,0.00006581552,0.0003713147,0.000291758,0.0001106549,0.0001944293,0.0002489795,0.000002885936],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005080651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002783698,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001788038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005631505,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988549,0.0004082237,0.0002479265,0.0001950822,0.0001776426,0.000116174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970558,0.002068253,0.0001504893,0.0003016224,0.000405666,0.0000181241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005122514,0.0001475408,0.4852826,0.000009845018,0.0004248335,6.159359e-8,0.009211795,0.0006956079,0.00001565146,0.4911533,0.01140074,0.001652879],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001996115,0.00004233082,0.8688567,0.000157961,0.0001139606,3.754423e-7,0.01689334,0.004065616,0.00004058922,0.00492907,0.1045861,0.0001143963],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7849423,0.007154388,0.02523413,0.1778655,0.003149919,0.0004084103,0.00000204554,0.00008890476,0.001154395],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887398,0.00004750706,0.001851917,0.001995236,0.00005322834,0.00003998693,0.000001641591,0.000003860683,0.007266817],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4862242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997652,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05424956569428148,"score_gpt":0.3785544731298663,"score_spread":0.3243049074355848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}