{"id":"W4408499533","doi":"10.2147/copd.s498088","title":"COPD Exacerbations, Air Pollutant Fluctuations, and Individual-Level Factors in the Pandemic Era","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of COPD","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; St. Paul's Hospital; University of British Columbia; Queen's University; University of Saskatchewan; Université Laval; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec; Dalhousie University; Toronto General Hospital; University of Toronto; Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa; McGill University Health Centre","funders":"Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; GlaxoSmithKline; Government of Canada; McGill University Health Centre; McGill University; University of Ottawa; University of Toronto; Dalhousie University; Reseau canadien de recherche respiratoire; AstraZeneca Canada; Queen's University; Johns Hopkins University; AstraZeneca","keywords":"COPD; Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Air pollutants; Pollutant; Medicine; Environmental health; Environmental science; Air pollution; Internal medicine; Disease; Chemistry; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006427096,0.0001369703,0.0002367273,0.0006468297,0.0000745189,0.00006808617,0.0004227174,0.00007219044,0.0002365371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006376232,0.00009680522,0.0001100832,0.0003147039,0.0001450619,0.0002415337,0.00009747982,0.000545384,0.000006619649],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000454017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009153007,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005775617,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004803996,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979125,0.0001401445,0.000554334,0.0001568245,0.00105495,0.0001813011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985554,0.0004703012,0.0001949466,0.00015757,0.0005236998,0.00009812452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005904646,0.0005234592,0.9215667,0.00008376445,0.0008584927,0.0003264658,0.002189553,0.0001122067,0.001973784,0.006657864,0.008870768,0.05624643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002199189,0.00005256384,0.9857805,0.0002610147,0.00008124283,0.0002745138,0.001505259,0.0001862584,0.0001737968,0.002947837,0.006461328,0.00007647406],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9825286,0.00272536,0.0005222138,0.01169497,0.0004980458,0.0003034554,0.000138637,0.0000100789,0.001578691],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971159,0.0005200419,0.0002892139,0.001116855,0.0002060888,0.000008603828,0.00003343833,0.00001027067,0.0006995541],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06421378,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3947602,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04034810371149789,"score_gpt":0.3415656706463355,"score_spread":0.3012175669348376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}