{"id":"W4408499533","doi":"10.2147/copd.s498088","title":"COPD Exacerbations, Air Pollutant Fluctuations, and Individual-Level Factors in the Pandemic Era","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of COPD","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; St. Paul's Hospital; University of British Columbia; Queen's University; University of Saskatchewan; Université Laval; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec; Dalhousie University; Toronto General Hospital; University of Toronto; Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa; McGill University Health Centre","funders":"Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; GlaxoSmithKline; Government of Canada; McGill University Health Centre; McGill University; University of Ottawa; University of Toronto; Dalhousie University; Reseau canadien de recherche respiratoire; AstraZeneca Canada; Queen's University; Johns Hopkins University; AstraZeneca","keywords":"COPD; Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Air pollutants; Pollutant; Medicine; Environmental health; Environmental science; Air pollution; Internal medicine; Disease; Chemistry; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001242514,0.0002272439,0.0003295282,0.0004036928,0.0002772435,0.0004922403,0.0003157014,0.0006219477,0.0008251703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002830992,0.0002066949,0.0004265019,0.0006270001,0.0003342394,0.0003398347,0.0004174298,0.0005856985,0.00007788024],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005708356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000812189,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04537017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05654461,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995104,0.0001443257,0.00003593467,0.0001105385,0.0001018498,0.00009692585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998696,0.0003472534,0.0005324196,0.0001100932,0.000113314,0.000200859],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001841079,0.0000195905,0.9982597,0.0000156007,0.00007225739,0.00003272379,0.0000474548,0.0001824897,0.0001355877,0.0000164838,0.00006507723,0.0009688016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002404457,0.00003785566,0.9993159,0.000005641077,0.00002209744,0.00004590138,0.00006266136,0.0003779701,0.00002032912,0.00002573194,0.00008095754,0.000002642926],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984842,0.0006757376,0.000152768,0.00009951586,0.000005410777,0.000009541626,0.0003235949,0.000004035,0.0002453682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994634,0.0001288207,0.00008755866,0.00002588414,0.000005180819,0.00000559143,0.0002066674,0.000001432032,0.00007570499],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04537017,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09021217,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04034810371149789,"score_gpt":0.3415656706463355,"score_spread":0.3012175669348376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}