{"id":"W4408536755","doi":"10.1007/s44274-025-00220-y","title":"Source and distribution of heavy metals in sediment samples from select creeks of the highly urbanized Metro Vancouver Watersheds, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Discover Environment","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Roads University","funders":"","keywords":"Heavy metals; Sediment; Environmental science; Distribution (mathematics); Geography; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Geomorphology; Environmental chemistry; Geotechnical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002350016,0.0003813819,0.0004869686,0.002523721,0.002507849,0.001288422,0.000544392,0.0002797889,0.0007496486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005955325,0.0003478296,0.0001811852,0.00510901,0.0004909807,0.0001437726,0.0007099697,0.0002063341,0.0001909622],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005907187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004545337,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9166423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.97377,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993118,0.00002134071,0.00004965361,0.0001140301,0.0003753734,0.0001278037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992624,0.00004028162,0.00009921243,0.00001457049,0.0004600697,0.0001235019],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001415345,0.00003789532,0.9682153,0.0001097943,0.00005288237,0.0005075044,0.001553363,0.0001425688,0.0145857,0.00006093948,0.0004510703,0.01414144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004239927,0.00001666478,0.9968765,0.00001296061,0.00001213725,0.0001376441,0.001032078,0.00009478763,0.0006583928,0.00001235463,0.001135706,0.000006516066],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963737,0.0003297389,0.0001209559,0.00002219177,0.000002979514,0.00003980751,0.001549036,0.00001260742,0.001548931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941649,0.0005373232,0.0007797497,0.00003725615,0.000002887438,0.00003115862,0.001493639,0.000008066773,0.00294513],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08335769,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1676971,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004304512295622846,"score_gpt":0.1782870679865733,"score_spread":0.1739825556909504,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}