{"id":"W4408555175","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107191","title":"Multiscale insights into Sliding Surface Liquefaction through DEM simulations","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers and Geotechnics","topic":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Polytechnique Montréal","keywords":"Liquefaction; Surface (topology); Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Materials science; Geometry; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003195269,0.000161359,0.0001631838,0.00006850609,0.0001542302,0.00005946466,0.0001074075,0.0001800828,0.000002007018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014329,0.0001616148,0.00004185486,0.0002567323,0.00002491899,0.0001291503,0.00006514788,0.0002619022,0.000001397466],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005617841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008009954,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003220236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001375545,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999384,0.000009292751,0.000177916,0.0001887232,0.00007069632,0.0001693135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996163,0.0001006288,0.00001514133,0.0002004765,0.00002495406,0.00004250708],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000152296,0.000005611006,0.000009729071,0.00006700435,0.00002255444,0.000001266043,0.0001553228,0.98446,0.002177785,0.006518433,0.0003704256,0.006210326],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001685773,0.00001541056,0.0005257009,0.00006991647,0.00001373572,0.000002733104,0.00001640232,0.9416484,0.001234899,0.01290341,0.04322497,0.0001758885],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2637455,0.001301083,0.7332713,0.0001257126,0.0004735656,0.00009860265,0.000001289382,0.0007508144,0.0002320739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9857002,0.0003063065,0.01381624,0.00006970285,0.00003110543,0.000002597734,0.000007692342,0.00001564116,0.00005044978],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7219547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6590459,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006038664092938125,"score_gpt":0.2193076791033544,"score_spread":0.2132690150104163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}