{"id":"W4408559823","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100683","title":"Valorization of algal biomass to synthesize visible-light driven gC3N4-biochar composite for dye degradation: Tuning of optical-electronic properties and persulfate-photocatalytic mechanistic insights","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances","topic":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Qatar National Library; Southern University of Science and Technology; Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","keywords":"Biochar; Persulfate; Photocatalysis; Degradation (telecommunications); Composite number; Visible spectrum; Biomass (ecology); Materials science; Photochemistry; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Catalysis; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Composite material; Organic chemistry; Pyrolysis; Ecology; Telecommunications","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003618144,0.0002679346,0.0008867688,0.0004759629,0.0001152397,0.00006064946,0.0003296883,0.00009901261,0.00001775979],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003055555,0.0002130179,0.0001161367,0.0003511408,0.0001061769,0.0004563149,0.00008797389,0.00007833002,0.000001126249],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001349684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001359801,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003197297,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003102999,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978806,0.00009217463,0.001162103,0.0002737335,0.0003098434,0.0002815703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997951,0.0001961005,0.0009275008,0.0002538084,0.0005947463,0.00007689159],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001250981,0.00008819826,0.00001329277,0.000641365,0.0001951334,0.000003584423,0.0002257186,0.0008697978,0.983286,0.01195707,0.00000998766,0.001458862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006046225,0.000766597,0.00002229692,0.0008889672,0.0002711648,0.00002184767,0.0001934701,0.0002783718,0.9867435,0.00884344,0.001164285,0.0002014568],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8882239,0.00285969,0.1072763,0.0001755896,0.0003173234,0.0009485141,0.00002821533,0.00004762917,0.0001228065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9796599,0.0004280851,0.01963284,0.00002268905,0.00006511039,0.00007594946,0.00001691566,0.00003560117,0.00006297001],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09143589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8686618,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0130974265546065,"score_gpt":0.2580022893785522,"score_spread":0.2449048628239457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}