{"id":"W4408575753","doi":"10.1002/mds.30173","title":"Is Parkinson Disease Better Defined Solely by Biology or as a Clinical–Biological Entity? Lessons to be Learned from Alzheimer's Disease on Biological Definition and Staging","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Movement Disorders","topic":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Disease; Neuroscience; MEDLINE; Parkinson's disease; Psychology; Medicine; Cognitive science; Pathology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03776469,0.0008205711,0.003279975,0.003917594,0.0009980234,0.005927407,0.003232515,0.002037907,0.003037154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06831005,0.0003891783,0.001545221,0.003239423,0.006264429,0.01328771,0.003434371,0.005256098,0.001105053],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002250822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005063999,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00865877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01129472,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9908593,0.004325473,0.002054502,0.001274974,0.001083835,0.0004019155],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9600712,0.01892233,0.004884427,0.005492657,0.008710888,0.001918389],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001746955,0.0002042186,0.1054995,0.007467146,0.001065366,0.001324475,0.005668258,0.001511973,0.002496841,0.1726472,0.1760512,0.5243168],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002797441,0.0006668854,0.09143293,0.02160939,0.0008876043,0.004101867,0.006620043,0.003329441,0.0009736319,0.6079568,0.2617649,0.000376641],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06570901,0.3808307,0.07988427,0.4064335,0.02461654,0.0004509118,0.0061532,0.0004872312,0.03543471],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6276736,0.1860878,0.08608817,0.05990922,0.02661639,0.0008391938,0.007664038,0.0004750289,0.004646508],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03776469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1997211,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1307401725292035,"score_gpt":0.3726330063822875,"score_spread":0.241892833853084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}