{"id":"W4408580869","doi":"10.1017/s1049096525000137","title":"Measuring Transgender and Nonbinary Identities in Online Surveys: Evidence from Two National Election Studies","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Western University; Université du Québec à Montréal; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Transgender; Political science; National election; Gender studies; Sociology; Law; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.07644197,0.0003216487,0.0006678658,0.002778017,0.002874571,0.003611779,0.001443304,0.0009598159,0.005068182],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1485419,0.0004591899,0.0007291266,0.005355594,0.002503722,0.002794451,0.003518349,0.001786768,0.0009265746],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003351798,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006206575,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1142908,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1865116,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9476693,0.03861871,0.002552422,0.002214626,0.006323108,0.002621785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.79271,0.1142775,0.02441669,0.01445921,0.0494172,0.004719439],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00113317,0.001101205,0.8499436,0.001731328,0.0005551627,0.00009773669,0.04658801,0.0001248842,0.0002818541,0.002709514,0.006453914,0.08927966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001101371,0.0003890654,0.9144634,0.001502224,0.0003111846,0.00009219853,0.05996284,0.0004471692,0.0004659475,0.0006107977,0.02157482,0.00007018069],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9758437,0.002354195,0.001280668,0.001569972,0.0001807109,0.0005253686,0.001586084,0.00001044987,0.01664898],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938715,0.001332629,0.000939124,0.0009159827,0.00005659652,0.0005621835,0.0009554061,0.00001652003,0.001350174],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1142908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4042686,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2659723466535953,"score_gpt":0.4795180221214192,"score_spread":0.2135456754678239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}