{"id":"W4408590657","doi":"10.1109/comst.2025.3552524","title":"Advances and Open Challenges in Federated Foundation Models","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","topic":"Access Control and Trust","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Foundation (evidence); Computer science; Data science; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01409026,0.0007691479,0.001793812,0.001090174,0.001600214,0.006464083,0.003746218,0.003192274,0.002712678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02443357,0.0007416733,0.001716228,0.001940841,0.004433115,0.0130778,0.005345702,0.006783584,0.0007130043],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003189913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00414349,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002341882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002237785,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9924855,0.004129169,0.000373246,0.0008369963,0.001757544,0.0004176169],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9816784,0.01069168,0.0006558251,0.004961693,0.001474116,0.0005382352],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004607066,0.00005211004,0.0005554514,0.0002605746,0.00004332596,0.00007539237,0.0002382428,0.04974638,0.0002353576,0.8885267,0.003088861,0.05713153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001032976,0.00003326152,0.0001087987,0.0002154974,0.00001390206,0.00009070308,0.0001511377,0.1994903,0.0003809438,0.7803564,0.01912371,0.00002497429],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01445098,0.009093386,0.9456014,0.01708498,0.0003750973,0.00007818367,0.0002347348,0.0004902245,0.01259103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5241846,0.01748251,0.4478868,0.002729078,0.0009909619,0.0003585549,0.0006040901,0.0003217153,0.005441622],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01409026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07451737,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.205976463944585,"score_gpt":0.4304744747986229,"score_spread":0.2244980108540379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}