{"id":"W4408591642","doi":"10.3390/ani15060877","title":"Pain in Dairy Cattle: A Narrative Review of the Need for Pain Control, Industry Practices and Stakeholder Expectations, and Opportunities","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Animals","topic":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","field":"Veterinary","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Distress; Business; Lameness; Animal welfare; Welfare; Production (economics); Quality (philosophy); Medicine; Stakeholder; Pain and suffering; Pain management; Physical therapy; Public relations; Economics; Political science; Surgery","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002306732,0.0003600371,0.001582186,0.0001210068,0.0001729008,0.00003191055,0.0001734789,0.0002920032,0.00003243429],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003547953,0.00024141,0.0001899087,0.0001989055,0.0001946929,0.0001240597,0.0001274054,0.0004279243,2.666467e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003664409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002964268,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005696242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001937589,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966697,0.001846456,0.0007798981,0.0003535965,0.0001442541,0.0002061081],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953384,0.003148955,0.001082063,0.0002352882,0.0001543408,0.00004097771],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001204032,0.0001043676,0.0005169105,0.2579904,0.0004329607,0.00003162873,0.002683154,5.0501e-9,0.00000377915,0.001435156,0.01870512,0.7179761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005731685,0.001043544,0.001535139,0.191704,0.001907434,0.00004484575,0.03355597,0.000001070183,2.683886e-7,0.00007459863,0.7690507,0.0005093084],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000316765,0.9952109,0.000007759543,0.001040149,0.00004117276,0.002385215,0.0004857571,0.00001623862,0.0004960307],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004565214,0.9932753,0.00004616103,0.0005172713,0.00004058134,0.001210714,0.00003444642,0.00002498305,0.0002853415],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7503455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9844415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2916765943251108,"score_gpt":0.4355425206244756,"score_spread":0.1438659262993648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}