{"id":"W4408599266","doi":"10.1117/12.3052311","title":"A plasma perspective on ionizing matter","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Ionizing radiation; Perspective (graphical); Plasma; Computer science; Physics; Nuclear physics; Irradiation; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005198449,0.0004772844,0.0004120784,0.0008033977,0.0008716816,0.001668996,0.00138034,0.003051318,0.01516004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006646871,0.0001692315,0.0005392837,0.0006556304,0.003475655,0.004942465,0.001404438,0.003241579,0.002928541],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001464678,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005772983,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009934731,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001069632,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997596,0.00008440548,0.000005616242,0.00003875809,0.0000755342,0.00003610964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997146,0.0001522334,0.00001901434,0.00002757409,0.00005120275,0.00003534032],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008278367,0.00001228434,0.0000884075,0.0001250575,0.000005016604,0.00009231608,0.0001573067,0.0005215023,0.0003921691,0.9771411,0.01127653,0.01017992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006474161,0.00004324119,0.0002523669,0.0001535777,0.000004154494,0.0002747225,0.0002598315,0.0009202433,0.0002332702,0.7423446,0.2554984,0.000009042615],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009658129,0.3223731,0.04695455,0.1666814,0.01160978,0.00003032729,0.0002443634,0.0002435781,0.4422048],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4178604,0.3043062,0.02676377,0.05721916,0.0266763,0.0001522321,0.000250227,0.0003533498,0.1664183],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01516004,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05071545,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006104777793083092,"score_gpt":0.2337759840734026,"score_spread":0.2276712062803194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}