{"id":"W4408636813","doi":"10.20517/ir.2025.11","title":"Digital twins to embodied artificial intelligence: review and perspective","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Intelligence & Robotics","topic":"Digital Transformation in Industry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Embodied cognition; Perspective (graphical); Cognitive science; Psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010442,0.0002324435,0.0002819782,0.0001766912,0.00006213161,0.0002397656,0.000280899,0.0001097164,0.00006611711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002101721,0.0002440933,0.00006584518,0.0007021257,0.0001024346,0.0004232112,0.00006373835,0.0003013631,0.0003630559],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001690448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004371096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003386267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000664867,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987572,0.000008863283,0.0005118145,0.0002429726,0.0001719165,0.0003071998],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992801,0.00009999795,0.00002401873,0.0002709363,0.000184215,0.0001407561],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007890098,0.00006489633,0.00007725935,0.0007841417,0.0001057163,0.000007762622,0.0009747508,0.2535354,0.00001704885,0.4735381,0.00279431,0.2680927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001967371,0.0007792446,0.0003435441,0.01440345,0.001037262,0.0001703245,0.04450458,0.1197691,0.04661356,0.6543987,0.1120222,0.005761337],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001613721,0.003524766,0.7091113,0.002123361,0.0006144195,0.0005605349,0.00004224013,0.0003581303,0.2835038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904859,0.003024532,0.003711238,0.001234196,0.000102998,0.00005647404,0.00001352194,0.00004882229,0.001322284],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9903246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9953834,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03241780980983142,"score_gpt":0.2992149102748157,"score_spread":0.2667971004649843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}