{"id":"W4408648047","doi":"10.3389/fmed.2025.1337890","title":"Putting the substance in substantial evidence: an evidence-based approach to flexible drug regulation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Medicine","topic":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Genome British Columbia; Genome Canada","keywords":"Operationalization; Transparency (behavior); Discretion; CLARITY; Risk analysis (engineering); Accountability; Flexibility (engineering); Empirical evidence; Context (archaeology); Value (mathematics); Scientific evidence; Public economics; Business; Actuarial science; Law and economics; Economics; Computer security; Computer science; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.3998282,0.002570687,0.006175544,0.01499303,0.006232547,0.03191859,0.01216886,0.0297769,0.002881903],"category_scores_gemma":[0.4137477,0.002581052,0.005912955,0.005912153,0.05888922,0.03623486,0.02288502,0.03230731,0.001095406],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0191675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03325806,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003284154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00342455,"domain_scores_codex":[0.5931898,0.2998552,0.03355652,0.01612259,0.05267226,0.004603687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.4242307,0.4845919,0.02299072,0.03585087,0.02807375,0.004262174],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006608932,0.00005889581,0.000437554,0.001213636,0.0002452722,0.0003611634,0.001807243,0.003246692,0.0002555457,0.9633657,0.003696328,0.02524593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000575073,0.0000576906,0.0001468448,0.00189331,0.00009348726,0.0001173092,0.0002679698,0.002136078,0.0002724278,0.9817829,0.01312033,0.00005416296],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005598699,0.01691879,0.630861,0.2969918,0.002216693,0.001669248,0.0002823334,0.0002143642,0.0452471],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3545967,0.006881737,0.5890514,0.04193193,0.002598745,0.00276555,0.0001308339,0.0001002325,0.001942907],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3998282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7401187,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3404636268811077,"score_gpt":0.4347313270022838,"score_spread":0.09426770012117608,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}