{"id":"W4408673728","doi":"10.1016/j.eswa.2025.127280","title":"Expert evaluation system for pothole defect detection","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Expert Systems with Applications","topic":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Western University","keywords":"Pothole (geology); Computer science; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001928871,0.000153494,0.0001656092,0.0001252221,0.0002446397,0.00006149974,0.0001103413,0.00008762953,0.000001374655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000884238,0.0001309432,0.00005737079,0.0002636988,0.00001610557,0.00009203978,0.000008259448,0.00006618973,0.00001022856],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004203512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000354591,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006311994,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001625329,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991709,0.0000213871,0.0002272109,0.000218228,0.0001516998,0.0002105532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993295,0.00004735151,0.00004180193,0.0003470631,0.0001958723,0.00003843112],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001655594,0.00008835628,0.0004332258,0.002945646,0.000999435,0.000001880889,0.004104935,0.2587742,0.4202022,0.04215667,0.02434776,0.2457802],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001969991,0.00007996783,0.0003879966,0.0008700669,0.0001330155,0.00004660509,0.007176403,0.3026696,0.1437916,0.0001729431,0.5419802,0.0007215758],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002552975,0.003193898,0.9833894,0.00002252984,0.001173149,0.002625796,0.000009552409,0.0006172166,0.00641544],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9772584,0.00001337685,0.002005196,0.00001637388,0.0005546335,0.01995676,0.00002137297,0.00003261315,0.0001412467],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9813842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5339708,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00802648541540311,"score_gpt":0.2566418594261041,"score_spread":0.248615374010701,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}