{"id":"W4408679485","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.03.187","title":"Sustainable energy prospects: Advancements in green hydrogen production through proton exchange membrane water electrolysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","keywords":"Hydrogen production; Electrolysis; Electrolysis of water; Hydrogen; Environmental science; Sustainable energy; Polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis; Production (economics); Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Chemistry; Membrane; Renewable energy; Engineering; Economics; Physical chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001191327,0.0003855347,0.0002811763,0.0005411882,0.0003445591,0.001516934,0.0004876604,0.001898599,0.009805473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006584825,0.0001336428,0.0002864898,0.001288376,0.0006012064,0.003897439,0.00116791,0.001331276,0.003013158],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007068174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001763448,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006899399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001031476,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997476,0.00003639075,0.00001187562,0.00003123948,0.0001047622,0.00006814655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999625,0.00008020797,0.00003335117,0.00001401288,0.0001710309,0.00007647216],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003207271,0.0002123462,0.001114899,0.003704205,0.00003607185,0.0003183104,0.0001287926,0.001569193,0.023039,0.1323874,0.1136637,0.7235053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004103749,0.0004278668,0.00198176,0.00102257,0.00003834073,0.0004441188,0.0006632204,0.003630519,0.01845775,0.08329819,0.8899462,0.00004844199],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02162522,0.7681609,0.01297535,0.1101572,0.007967694,0.00004013301,0.0005604455,0.0002989527,0.07821418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2390127,0.7102051,0.008382501,0.00791061,0.00449399,0.0000382057,0.0005587377,0.00004655813,0.02935163],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009805473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03280258,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006720259876252285,"score_gpt":0.2439059754306026,"score_spread":0.2371857155543503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}