{"id":"W4408697654","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5169981","title":"Lobbying, Innovation and Aggregate Productivity *","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Merger and Competition Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Productivity; Aggregate (composite); Industrial organization; Economics; Business; Macroeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002467894,0.0002012797,0.0004620358,0.0008250853,0.0001746152,0.000153617,0.0002457849,0.0001596602,0.0001441749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001515701,0.0002338845,0.0001430945,0.0005058844,0.00003664815,0.0001232489,0.000196158,0.002488245,0.00004366378],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005957971,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007307075,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001629643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002322647,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978388,0.0000363758,0.0006943766,0.0004792795,0.00005187181,0.0008993219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998752,0.00001110203,0.0007780631,0.0003067227,0.000114614,0.00003749795],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009669927,0.0000410967,0.008668616,0.00004113654,0.0003503818,6.766994e-7,0.00006300537,0.00007034023,0.000004144409,0.9814938,0.0001864171,0.009070762],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002163983,0.00002896906,0.00130526,0.00004672412,0.00003191951,0.00002749215,0.00007229173,0.0005746663,0.00002068054,0.983048,0.01438822,0.0002393264],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6752797,0.06837084,0.176732,0.01050514,0.003342437,0.0005545741,0.000170579,0.0001272311,0.06491751],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9623019,0.01595549,0.0001575491,0.0001656046,0.0003802597,0.00001518637,0.00003654136,0.00001521756,0.02097224],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2870222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998131,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01857901778029092,"score_gpt":0.2349712975091432,"score_spread":0.2163922797288522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}