{"id":"W4408701116","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00739a","title":"Machine learning-driven design of single-atom catalysts for carbon dioxide valorization to high-value chemicals: a review of photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and thermocatalysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Green Chemistry","topic":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Photocatalysis; Electrocatalyst; Catalysis; Carbon dioxide; Chemistry; Carbon atom; Titanium dioxide; Atom (system on chip); Chemical engineering; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Metallurgy; Computer science; Electrochemistry; Engineering; Physical chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005402706,0.0009722618,0.001099476,0.0007781046,0.000163679,0.0006906791,0.001003286,0.0009402574,0.001176729],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005686025,0.000424803,0.0005212675,0.0009923739,0.0003226696,0.001022696,0.0004836245,0.001285061,0.0009967155],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000616655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006369116,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005860011,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001185438,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998494,0.00001945502,0.00001404317,0.00003657793,0.00006124291,0.00001920587],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998387,0.00007004965,0.00002518605,0.000008510687,0.00004853891,0.000009082157],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008636655,0.0001764183,0.0002190272,0.02290379,0.0002564263,0.0001979842,0.00005570121,0.006215404,0.03038381,0.02193029,0.02011935,0.8974555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006258906,0.0004488679,0.0007446239,0.002388814,0.0003052971,0.0009195475,0.00004180973,0.006570964,0.0300065,0.009439165,0.9489928,0.0000788783],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000858117,0.9942963,0.003072571,0.0003150601,0.000214278,0.00001316065,0.00002194279,0.0000197883,0.001188873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007412765,0.9886228,0.002542178,0.0001623335,0.0001586724,0.000020777,0.00004713507,0.000008284395,0.001025092],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001176729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004474163,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01738964444751871,"score_gpt":0.2828354615000748,"score_spread":0.265445817052556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}