{"id":"W4408745830","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-44-313219-3.00065-4","title":"Biomass energy","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Western University; National Research Council Canada; Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Biomass (ecology); Environmental science; Natural resource economics; Biology; Ecology; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001754445,0.00119372,0.0006525139,0.001789452,0.0009446151,0.002074351,0.000756298,0.001173857,0.2343081],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000239448,0.0005115367,0.0004635173,0.002076925,0.0003700922,0.001836043,0.001557457,0.001364599,0.1702367],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007573446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005433977,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002073165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005126226,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999813,0.000007081406,0.000005839222,0.00004201494,0.0001145172,0.00001757965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999337,0.000009062376,0.000003732445,0.00001800616,0.00002671324,0.000008831348],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004323064,0.00006826744,0.0001768841,0.0004615113,0.00001116111,0.0001643242,0.0001198041,0.0007506823,0.01184388,0.03767421,0.1791298,0.7695563],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000378051,0.00001590908,0.0003071731,0.0001158642,0.000004469005,0.0001716141,0.00003829642,0.0003277186,0.002654701,0.006121149,0.9902343,0.000005177704],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.001269075,0.009262552,0.005061908,0.0004640383,0.0007901439,0.00004052369,0.0005224695,0.000423254,0.982166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002511441,0.003533757,0.001371916,0.000107382,0.00005075659,0.00002154538,0.0003973252,0.0001012427,0.9919046],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2343081,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7838388,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006597348697586349,"score_gpt":0.1898864180824289,"score_spread":0.1832890693848425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}