{"id":"W4408759506","doi":"10.1111/labr.12291","title":"Assessing the Impact of the Post Graduate Work Permit Program on the Earnings of International Students: Evidence From Canadian Employer Employee Dynamics Dataset","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Labour","topic":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Work (physics); Dynamics (music); Labour economics; Accounting; Economics; Demographic economics; Psychology; Engineering; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001292957,0.0001479941,0.0002465052,0.0001004572,0.0001876947,0.0003072344,0.001436917,0.00006582519,0.0001484649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009857389,0.00008429072,0.0001585096,0.0005453741,0.0001237802,0.0002001544,0.000247919,0.0003280545,0.00001033668],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000305242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001714088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2359236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03383053,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987426,0.000112026,0.0005174773,0.0002672045,0.0001319796,0.0002286907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981278,0.0004815559,0.0004446121,0.000749537,0.0001504252,0.00004604828],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000168172,0.00007797289,0.9728757,0.000006991395,0.0001923429,0.000001047947,0.0002374367,0.0001688714,0.000002844982,0.02461784,0.0005047512,0.001297392],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001320366,0.00002978128,0.9898603,0.0001548368,0.00001215143,2.080506e-7,0.0001362317,0.001049089,0.000004471024,0.00756074,0.0009685507,0.00009161764],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9847226,0.0001460045,0.00004566471,0.005852101,0.0004281696,0.0003367855,0.007951776,0.000009115608,0.0005078259],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987404,0.00008895919,0.00005435726,0.000554399,0.00003741209,0.00002252934,0.000223336,0.00001383048,0.000264759],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2020931,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9837995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04870407783256386,"score_gpt":0.3416722716022022,"score_spread":0.2929681937696383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}