{"id":"W4408768114","doi":"10.1186/s12961-025-01298-9","title":"An international comparison of longitudinal health data collected on long COVID in nine high income countries: a qualitative data analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Health Research Policy and Systems","topic":"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Health and Social Care; National Institute for Health and Care Research","keywords":"Data collection; Health services research; Public health; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Identification (biology); Focus group; Medicine; Pandemic; Health care; Geography; Disease; Nursing; Political science; Business; Sociology; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"qualitative","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"qualitative","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.08767359,0.00043568,0.001235846,0.005890203,0.005385004,0.005037579,0.00198521,0.001514542,0.003148231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1019446,0.0008214649,0.0008299849,0.007743756,0.006402989,0.00612683,0.007782966,0.001941175,0.0003708606],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01589263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01309005,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02078298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02426984,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9534212,0.03569606,0.003617533,0.001882231,0.002608183,0.002774714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8494249,0.1144692,0.007933469,0.004259288,0.02058763,0.003325478],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001650417,0.00008738699,0.0293238,0.002286025,0.00006547698,0.0008204486,0.9470142,0.0002020206,0.0006603294,0.003708396,0.002185029,0.01348181],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001329223,0.0000779215,0.01537136,0.001501715,0.00002159753,0.0000959778,0.9718746,0.0001886935,0.0002427017,0.0006342027,0.009940568,0.00003736953],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9649259,0.00279601,0.009894593,0.005678665,0.0001336622,0.0040214,0.006203557,0.00004440383,0.006301673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9758546,0.001561726,0.0109714,0.001815548,0.0000213239,0.006213557,0.002413218,0.00006675177,0.001082011],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08767359,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4636678,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4110882351585472,"score_gpt":0.6439898023948324,"score_spread":0.2329015672362852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}