{"id":"W4408798138","doi":"10.1037/cep0000372","title":"Finding the key in Kiwi during second language spoken production: Low proficiency speakers sound more native-like if they live in mixed-language environments.","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Kiwi; Spoken language; Production (economics); Key (lock); Linguistics; Communication; Computer science; Psychology; Biology; Natural language processing; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007526101,0.0002282902,0.0001785236,0.0002458041,0.0003507394,0.001156123,0.0002277261,0.0003343082,0.004017327],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006413708,0.00019148,0.0001238231,0.0001797956,0.0008369352,0.0008927759,0.0009837591,0.0004744435,0.0004713372],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001711844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002555053,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004252091,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006995496,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996766,0.00007707886,0.00001908154,0.0001140056,0.0000701941,0.0000430433],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983526,0.0008795554,0.0003885324,0.0001290302,0.0001269862,0.0001232708],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00145913,0.0002821603,0.7271849,0.0004933869,0.0001555165,0.001192094,0.0767372,0.000172247,0.1285924,0.001208477,0.0009969422,0.06152553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007969838,0.0001815774,0.9839116,0.00002666769,0.00002636768,0.0002235897,0.01100791,0.0001540256,0.003317077,0.0004795949,0.0006489095,0.00001479306],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997481,0.00006442272,0.0003180619,0.00007607585,0.000005314647,0.000006649976,0.00005899731,0.000004895806,0.001984506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989179,0.00003866627,0.0003180715,0.0000566678,0.000002431576,0.00001355061,0.00005199867,0.000005699774,0.0005950107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004252091,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0134393,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03106792909272902,"score_gpt":0.3086944408011522,"score_spread":0.2776265117084231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}