{"id":"W4408806121","doi":"10.1002/oik.11196","title":"Local environment and sampling bias drive parasite prevalence estimates in freshwater fish communities","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oikos","topic":"Parasite Biology and Host Interactions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Parasite hosting; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Sampling (signal processing); Sampling bias; Ecology; Biology; Freshwater fish; Distance sampling; Fishery; Geography; Environmental science; Statistics; Abundance (ecology); Sample size determination; Mathematics; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007364393,0.0002978309,0.0004627052,0.001222944,0.0009342698,0.0009714813,0.0005959351,0.0003928261,0.0007015694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01642124,0.0003162177,0.0003279521,0.0009914213,0.001684603,0.0007788375,0.0009197788,0.00030105,0.0001125343],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001458296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001038483,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05685516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1738759,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9943022,0.002748565,0.0003610506,0.001080134,0.001141543,0.0003665548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9837644,0.007343949,0.00577085,0.001351249,0.00148881,0.0002808487],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002823884,0.00001512924,0.9871538,0.00008469138,0.0001878156,0.00003730298,0.0005798809,0.001116747,0.003101111,0.0001569265,0.00005722772,0.00748104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001680602,0.00003780485,0.9967057,0.00001911358,0.00003476855,0.00005073076,0.0003185342,0.001851371,0.0005607076,0.0002055564,0.0002037967,0.00001028065],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9881365,0.0004611634,0.01000933,0.00007349104,0.000006559981,0.00005268929,0.0001764718,0.00002380795,0.001059906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974425,0.00007204506,0.002246056,0.00002381383,0.000003846232,0.00001917576,0.00007935378,0.000004835638,0.0001084658],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05685516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1130484,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02845857449435911,"score_gpt":0.3139279582751519,"score_spread":0.2854693837807927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}