{"id":"W4408824238","doi":"10.5194/oos2025-889","title":"The viability and safety of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement: encouraging results from collaborative industry-academic field studies in Canada, the USA and the UK","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Alkalinity; Field (mathematics); Oceanography; Business; Environmental science; Political science; Environmental planning; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002580913,0.0001724106,0.0003215774,0.00002733323,0.0004081628,0.00004881563,0.0003632256,0.0001603689,0.00006688842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002038672,0.00006919823,0.00002446708,0.0001929941,0.0007322325,0.00003562046,0.0001731568,0.001045188,2.943469e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002351026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009678776,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8198774,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9473724,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976972,0.001022305,0.0005361672,0.0003365618,0.0002427051,0.0001651043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9833811,0.01580719,0.0002943727,0.0003642608,0.0001131047,0.00004000096],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004046757,0.000009970283,0.9500613,0.0001322771,0.0003625965,0.00000345383,0.0143335,0.002721802,0.00000515717,0.0003457286,0.005412205,0.02256522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001052552,0.00003982445,0.9613637,0.0002798837,0.00006344995,6.989022e-7,0.02598862,0.004751868,0.0005834026,0.003053192,0.002621839,0.0002009397],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9765825,0.006197355,0.00001064187,0.01309361,0.0004020991,0.0007964664,0.0009955914,0.000003689459,0.001918065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991295,0.007687075,0.00002768657,0.0004203387,0.00004016702,0.000002875945,0.00002373401,9.242564e-7,0.0005021968],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.127495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4540881,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02605518794121632,"score_gpt":0.2836516343409285,"score_spread":0.2575964463997122,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}