{"id":"W4408889478","doi":"10.1109/ic2ai62984.2025.10932178","title":"Enhancing Epidemic Early Warning Systems with Social Media Data","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Social media; Warning system; Computer science; Internet privacy; Data science; Computer security; Telecommunications; World Wide Web","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01973558,0.001282428,0.001170293,0.006944049,0.0005758856,0.004665827,0.001528066,0.001672357,0.002185086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07076178,0.0005584019,0.002215016,0.003431854,0.0006769555,0.006547054,0.002662132,0.001899766,0.00055062],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001346662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003182102,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004283235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006745939,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9900531,0.006918377,0.000868477,0.0006492366,0.001343274,0.0001675013],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9129673,0.07338635,0.0039616,0.002129043,0.007101037,0.0004548013],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002938541,0.0003776559,0.02678804,0.03561647,0.002993986,0.0002253799,0.002140762,0.02461708,0.003774874,0.02552771,0.02112428,0.8565199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005284442,0.001787875,0.05197121,0.07434998,0.008672578,0.0006257141,0.007052182,0.2186,0.02034985,0.1407591,0.4745759,0.0007271435],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1044244,0.3357338,0.4009949,0.08314475,0.004241413,0.004334912,0.01572926,0.003497976,0.04789857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5814433,0.1484817,0.2504613,0.00637352,0.001760912,0.002201486,0.006571647,0.0001681971,0.002538002],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01973558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.104373,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03516232938753629,"score_gpt":0.3126290845105228,"score_spread":0.2774667551229865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}