{"id":"W4408897262","doi":"10.1109/icmlc63072.2024.10935257","title":"The Bifurcation Method: White-Box Observation Perturbation Attacks on Reinforcement Learning Agents on a Cyber Physical System","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"White box; Reinforcement learning; Bifurcation; Cyber-physical system; Computer science; Perturbation (astronomy); Reinforcement; Artificial intelligence; Control theory (sociology); Physics; Engineering; Machine learning; Structural engineering; Nonlinear system; Operating system; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009593437,0.0005556467,0.0004877174,0.0002923986,0.0001918523,0.0003794536,0.0004552846,0.0006931099,0.001423351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003029423,0.0001915264,0.0004688426,0.0001100469,0.001061333,0.0008550533,0.001169229,0.001035276,0.0001848092],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005013577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004314937,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009486137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005420579,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995814,0.0001792903,0.00001606023,0.00006425397,0.000111068,0.00004789045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987568,0.0007971306,0.0001556801,0.0001361034,0.00008534568,0.00006887803],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002447784,0.00005675995,0.001135115,0.00005123718,0.00006229975,0.000221407,0.00008061517,0.9182999,0.01258183,0.03119718,0.0008448184,0.03522417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000801845,0.00004851057,0.0001137691,0.000004169768,0.000004177306,0.00001912334,0.000003521995,0.9946085,0.001247862,0.003749187,0.0001892276,0.00000391137],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1084047,0.0002802699,0.8850807,0.0005243896,0.00007714408,0.0000612584,0.00002883054,0.0006332849,0.004909418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9695413,0.0001073678,0.028368,0.0001294175,0.00001978066,0.00003776238,0.0000146127,0.00003510186,0.001746754],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001423351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005073547,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03741217608528022,"score_gpt":0.3286946572046233,"score_spread":0.2912824811193431,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}