{"id":"W4408907580","doi":"10.1037/xge0001745","title":"Characterizing age-related change in learning the value of cognitive effort.","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Experimental Psychology General","topic":"Aging and Gerontology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Institute of Mental Health; Harvard University","keywords":"Psychology; Cognition; Cognitive psychology; Value (mathematics); Developmental psychology; Statistics; Neuroscience","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008588245,0.0002562379,0.0002254729,0.0004301405,0.0001346404,0.0004858115,0.0002157255,0.0003889064,0.001406772],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0024208,0.0001647802,0.0001285254,0.0001792868,0.0001715081,0.0002441006,0.0004339261,0.0004347797,0.0005178089],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001441915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001008142,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001892455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003265358,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998864,0.00001367412,0.00001115525,0.00003492091,0.00002701798,0.00002675894],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987991,0.0002329377,0.0004834371,0.0001074457,0.0001337753,0.0002432616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001675825,0.001011145,0.9561475,0.00005510426,0.00008310004,0.0001547186,0.001143038,0.0001854509,0.01727139,0.0001206132,0.0004503812,0.02170188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006368351,0.0006028462,0.9983406,0.000002506409,0.000008368629,0.00005809345,0.0000859016,0.00008646757,0.0006499687,0.00002481975,0.0001314027,0.000002675147],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993804,0.00005857537,0.00004851365,0.000005707341,0.000001967755,0.000005887821,0.0002149517,0.000003696354,0.0002803529],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986076,0.00005170381,0.0001910943,0.00001539635,0.00000218196,0.00002027003,0.000503614,0.000002170324,0.0006060104],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001892455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004706085,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06082725072808506,"score_gpt":0.453375606500565,"score_spread":0.3925483557724799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}