{"id":"W4408961082","doi":"10.1080/00131911.2025.2475829","title":"An interdisciplinary review of learning through failure in higher education","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Educational Review","topic":"Student Assessment and Feedback","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Higher education; Mathematics education; Engineering ethics; Pedagogy; Psychology; Sociology; Engineering; Economic growth; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007767383,0.00007557113,0.0002312619,0.00005384038,0.0001361812,0.00001529539,0.0002704231,0.00003360741,0.005201232],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001996757,0.00007109651,0.00006961567,0.0007418765,0.00006596716,0.0002808266,0.00004970407,0.0001255796,0.0000476969],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000135799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001264457,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009841259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008957788,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998832,0.0003025453,0.0003389799,0.0001667331,0.0002455912,0.0001141859],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993721,0.0001327396,0.0001428691,0.0001469539,0.0001741698,0.00003118378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002911861,0.0007695415,0.03922633,0.02084743,0.00002492559,1.346977e-7,0.003494797,6.842675e-7,0.00001146358,0.6132605,0.2772845,0.04507681],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004507567,0.00001507852,0.04659695,0.06329162,0.00004291704,1.373013e-7,0.00182722,2.049342e-7,5.399574e-7,0.007869236,0.8802208,0.00009022162],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007698177,0.5292183,0.000005987808,0.1668038,0.0009132909,0.0006153538,7.506716e-7,0.00001367207,0.301659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.121234,0.8002166,0.002010806,0.01076353,0.0006969233,0.0003934086,0.0001636685,0.00001235188,0.0645087],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6053913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9957082,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04710432301078445,"score_gpt":0.4862098186713669,"score_spread":0.4391054956605824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}