{"id":"W4408977852","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135062","title":"Production of biocrude via the hydrothermal liquefaction of woody biomass and upgrading into sustainable transportation fuels: A comprehensive review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Fuel","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Bible College; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Hydrothermal liquefaction; Biomass (ecology); Liquefaction; Sustainable production; Environmental science; Bioenergy; Biofuel; Production (economics); Waste management; Hydrothermal circulation; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Engineering; Chemical engineering; Agronomy; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004533385,0.001023623,0.00113503,0.002678674,0.0003043123,0.0008385057,0.0005299107,0.0007150259,0.003345711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005009656,0.0003926969,0.0007062491,0.003022484,0.0002286069,0.001076939,0.0004307831,0.000783057,0.001204909],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004396174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001406912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002228538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004317284,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998366,0.00001556669,0.00002216363,0.00003304955,0.00007288143,0.0000197433],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997687,0.00009858909,0.00004726546,0.000006746639,0.00006263932,0.00001601438],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005962179,0.0001457619,0.0003423134,0.09447628,0.0002437366,0.0003308333,0.0001417348,0.001348778,0.01398087,0.00586747,0.01695096,0.8661117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000890817,0.000185343,0.001095267,0.005789804,0.0003286463,0.0006596748,0.0001001015,0.000244971,0.005039976,0.001008357,0.9855095,0.00002952276],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006203687,0.9968837,0.0002807741,0.00009917771,0.00009574545,0.00001020367,0.00005974519,0.00001074851,0.001939486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001805246,0.9970662,0.0002977223,0.00005818014,0.00003075932,0.000008659715,0.00005433676,0.000001879432,0.0006770331],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003345711,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0111925,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01264484027925191,"score_gpt":0.2585893040692013,"score_spread":0.2459444637899494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}