{"id":"W4409001752","doi":"10.1039/d4ay01488j","title":"Synergistic adsorption mechanism of heavy metals on zinc oxide/phosphate modified gel–biochar composites","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Analytical Methods","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Biochar; Adsorption; Zinc; Phosphate; Metal; Heavy metals; Oxide; Chemistry; Charcoal; Materials science; Straw; Chemical engineering; Nuclear chemistry; Inorganic chemistry; Metallurgy; Pyrolysis; Organic chemistry; Environmental chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001122544,0.0002540132,0.0004771034,0.0001526193,0.00009640936,0.00003066119,0.0003080114,0.0001740954,0.002027097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003001758,0.0002071193,0.0002742582,0.0006894798,0.0003149387,0.0001044794,0.0001853413,0.0002043209,0.0004465218],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000143464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017558,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001199526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006651896,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977597,0.0004194413,0.0005784929,0.0004928805,0.0004115519,0.0003379318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988445,0.000383915,0.0001639852,0.0004125256,0.00002619298,0.000168866],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001503112,0.0002192992,0.00007782852,0.00001988566,0.00008958067,0.000003847892,0.00001736808,0.001496858,0.6229615,0.3683217,0.0003543334,0.006287462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006580678,0.0002436488,0.003508674,0.00007365685,0.0002918817,0.00000491854,0.00004785729,0.1909742,0.7603602,0.04121263,0.002245946,0.0003783313],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3813984,0.00008192634,0.5942351,0.001024692,0.0002970552,0.0003322745,0.00002710628,0.0001127444,0.02249075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9458914,0.00003425252,0.04840986,0.0007824042,0.00001932051,0.000008424632,0.000009354776,0.00001385886,0.004831154],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5644929,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988852,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02777555295704212,"score_gpt":0.3337991011547744,"score_spread":0.3060235481977323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}