{"id":"W4409003222","doi":"10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.0389","title":"Immortal Time Bias and Nonlinear Stroke Recurrence Risk","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JAMA Neurology","topic":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Population Health Research Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Stroke (engine); Medicine; Nonlinear system; Stroke risk; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Cardiology; Psychology; Internal medicine; Ischemic stroke; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003822637,0.0001042673,0.0002915427,0.00009443289,0.00006013778,0.00001684661,0.0000557217,0.0001980688,0.0001673397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000803723,0.00009174464,0.00005520956,0.00009870501,0.0001244043,0.00004287491,0.00006461819,0.0005932846,0.00009568837],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008240152,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001332515,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007880739,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001086069,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990124,0.0001777075,0.0002302597,0.0003155747,0.00005304254,0.0002110706],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990965,0.0004740859,0.00004826468,0.0002602137,0.00003992997,0.00008104399],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001235942,0.0005067468,0.4432448,0.0001368553,0.000250267,0.0002907672,0.0002501886,0.00004435408,0.03942752,0.001058034,0.004543198,0.5090113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003442774,0.0009338493,0.5070001,0.00002043727,0.00016786,0.0001080979,0.000007786623,0.09045827,0.0009033161,0.0003335958,0.3964837,0.0001401471],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9769149,0.0001826753,0.00005965517,0.01894684,0.00024451,0.0002401153,0.00004643436,0.00005327349,0.003311575],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918129,0.00008235715,0.0002491582,0.005805529,0.0001984018,0.00001104849,0.00001061787,0.000007546937,0.001822409],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5088712,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3741238,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01106414057299226,"score_gpt":0.2563399511816914,"score_spread":0.2452758106086992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}