{"id":"W4409015286","doi":"10.5539/ijsp.v14n1p24","title":"Comparing Two Independent Groups: Inferences About the Lower and Upper Tails of the Distribution of D = X − Y","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Statistics and Probability","topic":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics; Combinatorics; Distribution (mathematics); Statistics; Mathematical analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.08920909,0.001608793,0.00234125,0.00497603,0.002329551,0.005325674,0.004514663,0.004519795,0.007206195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.3538353,0.0008320045,0.003116901,0.004123853,0.01338745,0.01228083,0.006513264,0.005862937,0.001495297],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001695866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001913811,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001967055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009420786,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9552536,0.02981446,0.001506797,0.006817123,0.005749212,0.0008588365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.5939159,0.3582226,0.01252532,0.02886797,0.004826881,0.001641247],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002533672,0.000745958,0.07825618,0.001898336,0.002343402,0.0007357302,0.01413082,0.01856907,0.003526536,0.4837344,0.004996498,0.3885294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002725502,0.0008233575,0.02872025,0.0005898312,0.0004057246,0.0005259322,0.002801652,0.03738504,0.003872472,0.9173904,0.006989125,0.0002237088],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.09056121,0.001495614,0.8962753,0.001825531,0.0002200424,0.001004358,0.0007073549,0.0003697401,0.007540897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5988445,0.001173857,0.3930913,0.001481539,0.0003179706,0.002486437,0.001050631,0.0001594832,0.001394329],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08920909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4717884,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2276079606904386,"score_gpt":0.4903219808292206,"score_spread":0.2627140201387821,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}