{"id":"W4409030284","doi":"10.1101/2025.03.30.25324911","title":"A Quarter-Century of Synthetic Data in Healthcare: Unveiling Trends with Structural Topic Modeling","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"medRxiv","topic":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Health care; Data science; Regional science; Computer science; History; Geography; Economics; Economic growth; Archaeology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013406,0.0001518774,0.000429246,0.0003522336,0.0001144413,0.00004416308,0.0007978543,0.0001349042,0.00004498617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001672811,0.0001289436,0.00008069626,0.0006050979,0.00008919343,0.0000813818,0.0004004553,0.0003801651,4.284305e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008406283,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005288277,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01483333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01442566,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977409,0.0005991844,0.0004286994,0.000528614,0.0004762593,0.0002263259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987721,0.0002528519,0.0001724075,0.0006070884,0.0001308066,0.00006474372],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001279457,0.0001672486,0.3741054,0.001130035,0.0004210725,0.00003553891,0.02753919,0.163228,0.00001810018,0.04278535,0.00002712457,0.390415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002971132,0.00002651311,0.01842839,0.0006521216,0.0001314199,7.274755e-7,0.00156148,0.9428245,0.000004807823,0.03525183,0.0004775652,0.0003434698],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9768015,0.001199273,0.01222171,0.006919896,0.0005647442,0.0001721829,0.00006260947,0.00004448089,0.002013639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992828,0.0001124501,0.006653485,0.00004029827,0.0001153671,0.000007754606,0.00008168267,0.00000527223,0.0001556845],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7795966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.991727,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0794988932785872,"score_gpt":0.4060837622459037,"score_spread":0.3265848689673165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}