{"id":"W4409031186","doi":"10.1007/978-981-96-4898-6_14","title":"Stabilizing the Black Cotton Subgrade Soil Utilizing Cow Dung and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash for Design of Rural Roads","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in civil engineering","topic":"Geotechnical and construction materials studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Bagasse; Cow dung; Subgrade; Environmental science; Agroforestry; Agronomy; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002673042,0.0004980837,0.00069084,0.0002144111,0.00006676785,0.00004516055,0.0002065607,0.000384598,0.00002763919],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000218148,0.0004265333,0.0001308677,0.00009754291,0.0001255042,0.00004928401,0.0001064572,0.0005293557,7.322856e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009851489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002981082,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002240302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002921621,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986375,0.00001492678,0.0005382791,0.0002488462,0.0001703737,0.0003900946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985419,0.0009738121,0.0000843857,0.0002910225,0.00006313165,0.00004573885],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002610869,0.000004211613,0.00002661528,0.001770945,0.0001550767,0.000002974103,0.0003475256,0.9678502,0.02088816,0.00401752,0.00005850884,0.004852143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00280852,0.0003732874,0.0004577197,0.00820155,0.0009044686,0.00009675806,0.0002679856,0.8381912,0.08266837,0.04707631,0.01517319,0.003780647],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01288622,0.02513207,0.9461126,0.0004884432,0.002587084,0.002724486,0.0001980668,0.001091866,0.00877917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955687,0.001001527,0.002710469,0.00002052597,0.0001814284,0.00007375345,0.00001615431,0.0001058919,0.0003215346],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9826825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998186,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01118637660043727,"score_gpt":0.196019209158782,"score_spread":0.1848328325583447,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}