{"id":"W4409051257","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-91198-3","title":"A damage zone detection method in concrete hydraulic structures based on multi-frequency ultrasonic characteristics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Geomechanica (Canada)","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Ultrasonic sensor; Computer science; Acoustics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006902585,0.0001449606,0.000201463,0.0002282898,0.0001263945,0.0001198882,0.0001057432,0.00007735001,0.0000264434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000243197,0.000139816,0.00006577078,0.0008609683,0.00006617255,0.00005969509,0.00001464844,0.0002232739,0.000008837655],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007870585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004373523,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004423712,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002474102,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986935,0.00007055596,0.0003842289,0.0004470686,0.0001697761,0.0002348891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990225,0.0001302196,0.00007955368,0.0006546744,0.00005250728,0.00006051009],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003052333,0.00001962481,0.0006202699,0.00007106704,0.00001007801,0.00004257843,0.000062454,0.00758483,0.9558802,0.0004207455,0.0000885824,0.03519653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000434448,0.00003311011,0.1757075,0.0001424436,0.00004461849,0.00001470365,0.00004154869,0.5086631,0.2914412,0.01666744,0.006345926,0.0004639923],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5994453,0.00002539019,0.3958608,0.00005753314,0.002749151,0.0003901609,0.000007843416,0.0002072824,0.001256497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9342158,0.000001138833,0.06534767,0.00003841658,0.00002697401,0.00007938504,0.00002459831,0.00001400189,0.0002519707],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.664439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5701531,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0113185614989007,"score_gpt":0.2794770898239574,"score_spread":0.2681585283250567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}