{"id":"W4409053480","doi":"10.5430/wjel.v15n5p78","title":"Social Aspects of Cognitive Linguistics: Studying Language Attitudes and Identity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of English Language","topic":"Linguistics, Language Diversity, and Identity","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cognitive linguistics; Linguistics; Identity (music); Social identity theory; Cognition; Applied linguistics; Sociology; Computer science; Psychology; Social psychology; Social group; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002094118,0.0002115424,0.0002308399,0.002698597,0.003297952,0.003723829,0.0003449,0.0004445579,0.001164816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004851695,0.0001125049,0.0002024753,0.001652455,0.005720109,0.001878916,0.002963245,0.0006784921,0.0001122494],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002709473,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002419758,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01162909,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01524343,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980943,0.001224032,0.0000512178,0.0001159326,0.0002570205,0.0002575829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961217,0.002035668,0.0008316119,0.0001408347,0.0003665535,0.0005035657],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004445477,0.0002253492,0.3166793,0.0000924554,0.00003570342,0.000347713,0.6420607,0.0001181227,0.001056233,0.01068734,0.0001605002,0.02849203],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005878183,0.00008920101,0.324509,0.00006722351,0.00001635956,0.0001626344,0.6641298,0.0003179062,0.0004718841,0.005583739,0.004629972,0.00001638963],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936177,0.0001382786,0.0001820511,0.0002189005,0.00000318478,0.000005808742,0.00000531568,0.000001269781,0.005827549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996005,0.0000657197,0.00006258298,0.00002161981,0.000002728485,0.000006068016,0.000002710939,8.193938e-7,0.0002372504],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01162909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02312279,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01931385851137608,"score_gpt":0.2917524112900189,"score_spread":0.2724385527786428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}