{"id":"W4409053483","doi":"10.5430/wjel.v15n5p171","title":"L1-Induced Grammatical Errors Affecting Saudi Female EFL Students' Academic Writing: A Cross-Linguistic Study of Arabic Language Interference","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of English Language","topic":"Arabic Language Education Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Arabic; Linguistics; Computer science; Interference (communication); Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003723085,0.0002628672,0.0007216713,0.0006407426,0.0004407458,0.0001595568,0.001102096,0.0001205023,0.0001850315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02561573,0.0002317311,0.0002014106,0.001281559,0.0002829079,0.0002767956,0.0002817948,0.001132705,0.000006167534],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002939079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003233888,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006971598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002837073,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961497,0.0006956549,0.001282978,0.0003172536,0.001031114,0.000523364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957576,0.001610611,0.0009514691,0.0003427881,0.001149262,0.0001882892],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007346066,0.0005725882,0.2137816,0.0001001936,0.0002311585,0.0001224348,0.7800773,0.00001276382,0.0004655332,0.0007359034,0.0002125631,0.003614422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001521562,0.0002083079,0.04711248,0.0007949973,0.0002091846,0.00000331184,0.9487689,0.000003792858,0.0006299276,0.000118149,0.0003763274,0.0002530565],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9805383,0.001869812,0.00007084067,0.0001134209,0.002481952,0.0004875263,0.000003266973,0.00007267696,0.01436218],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956436,0.0000273809,0.000274948,0.0001012194,0.001631013,0.00001478444,0.000001125207,0.00002336788,0.00228263],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1686916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9825919,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03091658586506795,"score_gpt":0.4162845560400611,"score_spread":0.3853679701749932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}