{"id":"W4409077972","doi":"10.3390/nitrogen6020022","title":"Wastewater Denitrification with Solid-Phase Carbon: A Sustainable Alternative to Conventional Electron Donors","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nitrogen","topic":"Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lambton College; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Denitrification; Wastewater; Environmental science; Carbon fibers; Waste management; Phase (matter); Chemistry; Environmental engineering; Materials science; Nitrogen; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001248406,0.00009921912,0.00008613631,0.00006046283,0.00009635744,0.00003492109,0.0001321336,0.0000384999,0.0003666506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001004609,0.00008007717,0.00002843276,0.0002936545,0.00004131153,0.00008670847,0.00006209075,0.00006285292,0.0001185051],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002793229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003582715,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008889883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001795105,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991643,0.00003180678,0.0001300087,0.0002458065,0.000163055,0.0002649572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997236,0.000009720717,0.00004488556,0.0001281968,0.00002955202,0.00006404248],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005402495,0.0002966223,0.02881684,0.00003301036,0.00006979431,0.00001958924,0.0005652214,0.0008383979,0.9621713,0.001032386,0.004582413,0.001034164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001045438,0.0002356285,0.0009106238,0.000009872248,0.00003491072,0.000003302976,0.0001869885,0.000473634,0.9756277,0.001829498,0.01948094,0.0001614551],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921319,0.0000231618,0.0003632217,0.0004886938,0.00004030874,0.0004037628,0.000004441099,0.00002166633,0.006522866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945194,0.000005972408,0.0003840484,0.0002373443,0.00004110074,0.00005012366,0.00004078423,0.00000719835,0.00471401],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02790622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4014567,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004490278556407311,"score_gpt":0.2567922543570492,"score_spread":0.2523019758006419,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}