{"id":"W4409104562","doi":"10.1016/j.molstruc.2025.142253","title":"Solvent-engineered carbon dots from rice straw for selective fluorescent detection of Cr(VI) and Pb(II)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Molecular Structure","topic":"Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Fluorescence; Solvent; Carbon fibers; Straw; Rice straw; Nanotechnology; Nuclear chemistry; Inorganic chemistry; Organic chemistry; Composite material; Composite number","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001117416,0.0001147565,0.000241711,0.0000988613,0.00006768722,0.00003062989,0.00013043,0.00009696991,0.000007524725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007155484,0.00009753175,0.00009044381,0.0001662635,0.00003906716,0.00004798278,0.00003384845,0.0001537224,6.751078e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005568303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008604378,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005813651,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003050852,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991782,0.0000344644,0.0003274184,0.0001506214,0.0001841633,0.0001251863],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992389,0.00004496954,0.0002678591,0.0001405366,0.000250336,0.00005737765],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001101817,0.00002140787,0.00001582872,0.0000326795,0.0000502104,0.000002612458,0.000128832,0.0001365077,0.9983474,0.0005554674,0.00005472947,0.0005441199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007013374,0.0001426335,0.002653432,0.00004480549,0.0001297286,0.00001587522,0.00006757885,0.0004941385,0.9899146,0.005599483,0.0001556378,0.0000807719],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835536,0.0009337385,0.01465108,0.0001854931,0.0003430012,0.0002104378,0.00006977736,0.000008508895,0.00004439793],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973465,0.00002401188,0.002486226,0.0000502039,0.00006909949,0.00000424448,0.000003012817,0.000009384048,0.000007342204],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01379291,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3977229,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004036730192944081,"score_gpt":0.2307881033280779,"score_spread":0.2267513731351338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}