{"id":"W4409106693","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108899","title":"On residual tensile strength after lightning strikes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing","topic":"Structural Response to Dynamic Loads","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Queen's University; Queen's University Belfast","keywords":"Ultimate tensile strength; Materials science; Lightning (connector); Composite material; Lightning strike; Residual strength; Residual; Forensic engineering; Engineering; Computer science; Lightning arrester; Electrical engineering; Power (physics)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001793861,0.0002037575,0.000176657,0.0003159584,0.0002724859,0.0001981094,0.0002520276,0.0000521231,0.00002446378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002598962,0.0001756991,0.00002119242,0.0002338291,0.0002327541,0.0001453997,0.000140871,0.0001956961,0.00001950633],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001073244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004076118,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002596984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003900992,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987435,0.000007091217,0.0001750774,0.000363421,0.0003016417,0.0004092439],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994071,0.0001792795,0.00001937742,0.0002712414,0.00002271054,0.000100287],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003950822,0.00003226541,0.0006717515,0.0002116925,0.00008568412,0.00004819492,0.001056562,0.02147789,0.8753738,0.01291179,0.002760397,0.08497483],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003758233,0.00002954135,0.02585057,0.0001090135,0.00001987544,0.000006249876,0.000093974,0.00992348,0.9577982,0.001502574,0.003957569,0.0003331316],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835239,0.0001344731,0.0002056903,0.00005640423,0.0002577123,0.000163613,0.00000421693,0.0002510267,0.01540296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989733,0.00001547028,0.0005676496,0.0001820265,0.00004321431,0.00003205585,0.000002144382,0.00001211965,0.0001720729],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0846417,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7164801,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004392870544144089,"score_gpt":0.2078982955548676,"score_spread":0.2035054250107235,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}