{"id":"W4409113325","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x24001262","title":"Philosophy or science of societies?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sociocultural evolution; Epistemology; Identity (music); Sociology; Philosophy of science; Cognitive science; Anthropology; Psychology; Philosophy; Aesthetics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001005245,0.00005401297,0.00008844647,0.00008385356,0.001236088,0.0001020652,0.0003270401,0.00003936961,0.0001001374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000145732,0.00003326033,0.00002973823,0.001354433,0.00505878,0.0004869087,0.00007555372,0.00004224935,0.000002035393],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002808862,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004785295,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009464086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002893328,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990069,0.00003942404,0.0001161393,0.0002047888,0.0004138875,0.0002188212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996905,0.0000499742,0.00004864048,0.00005993698,0.00009639165,0.00005459053],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004466531,0.0002919799,0.02640558,0.0000542587,0.000006139434,0.000006454284,0.04085258,0.000002527388,0.05520087,0.7252001,0.01487515,0.1370597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002375594,0.002225965,0.1844735,0.0009261346,0.0001854056,0.00001353717,0.3643906,0.0002071713,0.03689336,0.2962763,0.1102544,0.001778051],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9534112,0.0003091671,0.00001056212,0.007331972,0.0001910183,0.0001151346,0.000002691446,0.00002882625,0.03859944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940434,0.00004397106,0.0003421061,0.0003747885,0.00004450416,0.000004231779,2.936349e-7,7.538584e-7,0.005145987],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4289238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976489,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07122096202341155,"score_gpt":0.4112579666264696,"score_spread":0.340037004603058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}