{"id":"W4409113325","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x24001262","title":"Philosophy or science of societies?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sociocultural evolution; Epistemology; Identity (music); Sociology; Philosophy of science; Cognitive science; Anthropology; Psychology; Philosophy; Aesthetics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002660539,0.000409874,0.0005777012,0.0009858472,0.00189768,0.004273093,0.0008616688,0.00271818,0.01102769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004467237,0.0001434801,0.0002716255,0.001129952,0.02408853,0.007778185,0.002093541,0.003939463,0.002215517],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003040231,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002328477,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002117077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001536368,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980319,0.001155543,0.0000486432,0.000310363,0.0003115518,0.0001419201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983093,0.0007463873,0.0001898806,0.0002555186,0.0002458965,0.0002530335],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007398231,0.000008056479,0.0001816194,0.00005107136,0.000004429688,0.00001400219,0.0007526926,0.00007046107,0.00003635024,0.9759164,0.01489401,0.008063528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004730637,0.000007958856,0.000288441,0.00007508491,0.000001955242,0.00003833492,0.0009025795,0.000138494,0.00002448487,0.8685857,0.1299289,0.000003349186],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01075733,0.06251343,0.01930443,0.5636071,0.005667229,0.00003077057,0.0001874458,0.0001096078,0.3378226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7921579,0.03811134,0.01023229,0.09224011,0.01007868,0.0001367432,0.0001856122,0.0001379597,0.05671933],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01102769,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03689128,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07122096202341155,"score_gpt":0.4112579666264696,"score_spread":0.340037004603058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}