{"id":"W4409119298","doi":"10.1007/s40120-025-00724-y","title":"Are Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists Central Nervous System (CNS) Penetrant: A Narrative Review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Neurology and Therapy","topic":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","field":"Medicine","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University Health Network; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation","funders":"","keywords":"Liraglutide; Exenatide; Medicine; Semaglutide; Neuroprotection; Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor; Pharmacology; Internal medicine; Endocrinology; Diabetes mellitus; Receptor; Type 2 diabetes; Agonist","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002101499,0.0007217068,0.003025948,0.0002006581,0.0001855593,0.00002997826,0.0002215841,0.0004286148,0.0001887206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002952095,0.0005073357,0.0005999968,0.0003169012,0.0001378378,0.00004675031,0.00007594514,0.0005782234,0.00006834824],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005933426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001743726,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001025132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008776497,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972088,0.0005178819,0.0006427785,0.0008561831,0.0001972489,0.0005770658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984049,0.0001887576,0.0005493468,0.0006007511,0.00006524118,0.0001909787],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001703601,0.0001951778,0.00009150757,0.09399542,0.001342932,0.0002708549,0.00008948665,4.522976e-8,2.404077e-7,0.0002262603,0.02513067,0.8784871],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001142559,0.0009924866,0.0002318746,0.04270662,0.001977609,0.00008051835,0.00001887504,6.912861e-7,4.973025e-7,0.000005784359,0.9525561,0.0002863226],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002221525,0.9899569,0.000001708489,0.001190632,0.001246604,0.003629606,0.00004733541,0.0001586003,0.003546507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00005845819,0.9883707,0.00001551796,0.00539311,0.000235493,0.0005825146,0.0002917392,0.00005839534,0.004994056],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9274255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02608192491742797,"score_gpt":0.305959505029512,"score_spread":0.279877580112084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}