{"id":"W4409127146","doi":"10.36690/2674-5208-2025-1-74-84","title":"THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOREIGN OWNERSHIP AND BANK RISK-TAKING: A NEW EVIDENCE FROM CANADA","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ECONOMICS FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT REVIEW","topic":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Foreign ownership; Financial system; Economics; Foreign direct investment; Macroeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001047698,0.0002757945,0.0004558129,0.001757276,0.002677517,0.00201169,0.0008575845,0.0003793365,0.003841799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005264746,0.0002228683,0.0004726965,0.00482218,0.0009807952,0.0006653864,0.0009601319,0.0008305653,0.0002110025],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02019669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03819635,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9955055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.997654,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991048,0.00007721844,0.000054904,0.0001427103,0.0003829718,0.0002373714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9910711,0.00146183,0.0017241,0.0003424617,0.004078032,0.001322583],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001420329,0.00005439984,0.9741945,0.0001202327,0.00009271427,0.0003282744,0.004378286,0.0002015348,0.0001477627,0.001027185,0.003683014,0.01562991],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007530709,0.00001495639,0.9901619,0.0001196202,0.00007258562,0.00006769499,0.004649376,0.0002990933,0.00009147208,0.00008840053,0.00440916,0.00001828868],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.981864,0.00299903,0.0002687395,0.001786949,0.00002576421,0.00002860355,0.004370446,0.000009285543,0.008647194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940001,0.002434277,0.0002227235,0.0002094697,0.00001251373,0.000007525143,0.001457152,0.000006445823,0.001649836],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02019669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.146538,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05770870836863983,"score_gpt":0.2548028021205984,"score_spread":0.1970940937519586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}