{"id":"W4409141040","doi":"10.1190/geo2024-0917.1","title":"High-resolution monitoring of CO2 sequestration using walkaway vertical seismic profile and full-waveform inversion","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geophysics","topic":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Energy; University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Emissions Reduction Alberta","keywords":"Inversion (geology); Geology; Waveform; Seismology; Remote sensing; Telecommunications; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001059599,0.00008484022,0.0001174797,0.00007169537,0.0001268163,0.00002324116,0.00006483353,0.00005946375,0.00002459102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001425483,0.00007760123,0.00002650906,0.000182416,0.0000865295,0.000250811,0.0000170116,0.00009886743,0.00001375564],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001489885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005675723,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004533111,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003486195,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993891,0.00002833007,0.0001493308,0.0001500507,0.0001340197,0.0001491429],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997322,0.0000342881,0.0000402772,0.0001073884,0.00004964253,0.00003621295],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004335777,0.0001393107,0.3503191,0.0007031817,0.0001147198,0.00001416146,0.0009486885,0.01123344,0.1184418,0.003625728,0.004093372,0.5099328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003233899,0.0001667257,0.08487978,0.0002043064,0.00004860128,0.000003301376,0.0002855599,0.7707568,0.1353789,0.007381376,0.0003926916,0.0001785395],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995379,0.00007128353,0.003361244,0.0001238933,0.0003202077,0.00009893074,0.000009920443,0.00005744564,0.0005780694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955231,0.00004079722,0.004144787,0.0001174479,0.00006444022,4.475081e-7,0.00004092613,0.00000190254,0.00006614537],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7595234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6852738,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01539521151492024,"score_gpt":0.2283512727248209,"score_spread":0.2129560612099006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}